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 safety procedures

 

​​​​​​​​Definition of Safety

​

​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​A set of preventive measures intended to protect persons from hazards and to avoid injuries/ deaths and property damage.

​
Safety Objectives
  • Setting Protection
  • Facility Protection​
  • Individuals Protection
    ​


Cooling

To reduce the heat of the flame by water spray that is ejected into the fire and this method depends mainly on the ability of water to absorb the heat of the burning substance.


Smothering

The fire is smothered by a cover that cuts off the oxygen supply as follows: 1 ) Closing the ventilation outlets at the fire site to reduce the oxygen supply. 2 ) Covering the flammable substance with chemical foam. 3 ) Displacing the oxygen with vapor, carbon dioxide, dry chemical powders or halogen vapors.


Starving

The fire is starved by reducing the amount of flammable materials Splitting the fire into parts).


STEPS TO FOLLOW AT FIRE EMERGENCY

Break glass for fire alarm • Call the emergency immediately. University Operations Unit 0112590222 / Civil Defense 998 follows:
• Extinguish if possible using the nearest fire extinguisher as


  1. Hold the fire extinguisher well from the handle
  2. Pull the safety pin off
  3. Aim the extinguisher nozzle at the base of the flame
  4. Squeeze the handle to use the extinguisher
  5. Sweep the extinguishing agent at the base of the fire left and right
  6. Make sure that the place where you are standing is not hazardous and that you can escape if the fire spreads
  7. Use the manual fire extinguisher outdoors while standing 2 3 m. away from the fire in wind direction
  8. Remove the curtains and open the room for ventilation and to let out the smoke

Head immediately to the evacuation points and register your name on the list of those present.

Electrical Materials

Electricity is one of the sources of energy and power that made life easier. Despite the many benefits of electricity for individual and society, it could be hazardous to people s life and properties; it could cause fire or deaths if safety measures are neglected when power grids and wiring are underway or when electricity is used in general.


What to do in an electrical emergency?

1. Cut the power supply before fire fighting.
2 . Use an extinguisher that is effective with the flammable materials.
3 If unable to cut the power, or you are not certain, use an extinguishing agent that is not electrical conductive or that does not damage the equipment such as halogen fumes, dry chemical powders and carbon dioxide.

Natural Hazards​
Natural hazards threat human life because of the damage they cause to lives and property. The most common  easons include storms, thunderbolts, and landslides.​

How to cope with natural hazards​
1. Preparedness and making necessary arrangements for natural hazards.
2 . Follow the instructions of the Civil Defense. Avoid risky roads and places, take the safe roads recommended by the concerned authorities.
3 . Be cautious when passing through any location next to natural hazards as much as possible. 
4 . Remain calm when experiencing any natural hazard and keep a safe distance from the location lest eruption, and do not try to approach the site.
5 . When noticing impounded persons because of a natural hazard, seek help from the Civil Defense, and try to help with any method, without putting yourself into danger.​


Physical Hazards​
Physical hazards are defined as those hazards that can be controlled through various preventive measures. Being identifiable, specific, measurable, detectable, therefore they could be controlled. Physical hazards could happen in the workplace and could negatively affect the health and life of workers if they exceed the bounds, including: 
1 . Extreme heat It means high temperature around the human being.
2 . Extreme cold The sensation of cold or the so called cold stress occurs when ambient air temperatures drop with cold chills and are considered a physical hazard.
3 . Noise It is the undesired sound that we constantly hear.
4 . Illumination Make sure that illumination does not fluctuate in adjacent places.​

How to handle physical​​ hazards​
A. Heat
Assessment and regular measurement of temperature at the workplace. Designate areas of convenient  tmosphere to workers for the leisure time.
B. Coldness
In case of manual work gloves must be worn. Designate warm places near employees.
C. Noise
Engineering based prevention: Prevention of the source of noise, replacement, substitution, and insulation.
D. Illumination
Make sure that illumination does not fluctuate in adjacent places.



Chemicals
According to the US Occupational Safety and Health Administration ( OSHA), hazardous chemicals are defined
as any chemical that can cause one or more hazards, based on the following factors:
1. Type of chemicals
2. Concentration of chemicals
3. The exposure site
4. Exposure pathways. Exposure to chemicals can be as follows:
A inhalation. B. skin contact C ingestion

How to cope with chemical hazards​
1. Follow safety rules when storing the chemicals
a) Do not store chemicals with reactive substances.
b) Avoid using containers of high risk chemicals for other purposes.
c) Containers of chemicals must be made from unbreakable or non reactive substances.
2. Follow safety rules when using
A. Read the instructions on labels carefully
B. Wear protective clothing.
c. Make sure the container is not damaged and is used correctly.
3 . Follow the rules of chemical hazards control
A. Containment B Ventilation C Substitution

SAFETY RULES IN CHEMISTRY LABORATORIES
  1. There must be signs and notices​
  2. There must be safety devices.
  3. The facility is free of hazardous substances.​
  4. A first aid box is provided.​
  5. A functioning fire alarm​
  6. Enough functioning fire extinguishers​
  7. Do not stack heavy items on high places​
  8. Undamaged gas valves and pipes.​
  9. Containers are tightly closed and properly tagged.​
  10. All materials must be properly and safely stored.​
  11. Keep flammable and hazardous materials in fire resistant areas.​
  12. Personal safety devices.
  13. Emergency exits signs.
  14. Emergency exits must be open and clear from obstruction​
  15. Safe electrical wiring.​
  16. A backup power supply in case of emergency.​
  17. Safe storage of gas sources used in laboratories.​

  1. Make sure that the illumination convenient to the nature of your work.​
  2. Divert the light so that it does not fall directly on your eyes.​
  3. Decrease the screen light of your computer and try to look at something else from time to time to reduce eye strain.​
  4. Make sure to sit comfortably and the chair has a firm base for optimal stability.​
  5. Take a few breaks; leave your chair and move for a while.​
  6. Make sure that there are safety requirements in your workplace represented in the safety of flooring,
    electrical wiring, emergency exits and alarms. Don't forget the rules of public safety in case of emergency.​
  7. Do not use electric stoves to make hot drinks in your office to avoid fire hazards.​
  8. Make sure that all electrical connections in your office are undamaged and avoid power overload that causes fire.​

  1. There must be signs to elevators and emergency exits.
  2. ​The site is free of substances that are hazardous to public safety.
  3. ​The fire alarm system functions works.
  4. Review the safety means continuously and make sure of their readiness.​
  5. A first aid box is provided.​
  6. Enough functioning fire extinguishers​
  7. Undamaged gas valves and pipes at restaurants.​
  8. Emergency exits must be open and clear from obstruction​
  9. Collaborate for the implementation of mock evacuation plans.​

Assembly Points
Guide of occupational safety and health in the work environment More questions and suggestions



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